منابع مشابه
Adaptation in CRISPR-Cas Systems.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins constitute an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes. The system preserves memories of prior infections by integrating short segments of foreign DNA, termed spacers, into the CRISPR array in a process termed adaptation. During the past 3 years, significant progress has been made on the genetic...
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The barnacle photoreceptor sensitivity may either decrease (light adaptation) or increase (facilitation) after exposure to a conditioning light. The balance between adaptation and facilitation is influenced by at least three factors: initial sensitivity state of the cell, external calcium concentration, and conditioning intensity. Cells of very high sensitivity show mainly adaptation, which app...
متن کاملPervasive generation of oppositely oriented spacers during CRISPR adaptation
During the process of prokaryotic CRISPR adaptation, a copy of a segment of foreign deoxyribonucleic acid referred to as protospacer is added to the CRISPR cassette and becomes a spacer. When a protospacer contains a neighboring target interference motif, the specific small CRISPR ribonucleic acid (crRNA) transcribed from expanded CRISPR cassette can protect a prokaryotic cell from virus infect...
متن کاملAdaptation and Social Facilitation in a Population of Autonomous Robots
In this paper we present an evolutionary simulation in which a population of 10 mobile robots has to develop a simple behavior consisting in the discrimination of two different foraging areas present in the environment. We show that, given a minimal selective pressure, a combination of individual learning, social facilitation, and selection at the population level can lead to effective results....
متن کاملDegenerate target sites mediate rapid primed CRISPR adaptation.
Prokaryotes encode adaptive immune systems, called CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated), to provide resistance against mobile invaders, such as viruses and plasmids. Host immunity is based on incorporation of invader DNA sequences in a memory locus (CRISPR), the formation of guide RNAs from this locus, and the degradation of cognate invader DN...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Bacteriophage
سال: 2011
ISSN: 2159-7081
DOI: 10.4161/bact.1.3.16709